Human Skeletal System

This article mainly describes the gross structure and functions of the skeleton of the normal human body. Humans are vertebrate animals, with a vertebral column or backbone.

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Introduction:

A basic and internal supportive structure of connective tissue associated with Bones (Bone tissue is also called Osseous tissue, Its color keeps changing such as from Ivory white to Brownish-black and then finally becomes pure white.), Cartilage (It is a Semi-Hard Tissue that covers the Bones where they touch each other. It has a yellowish color and provides an elastic and smooth surface for movement and is surrounded by a Perichondrium-like Fibrous Membrane.), Ligaments (Strong tissues that connect our Bones to one another Bone and are Yellowish in color.), and Tendons (connect skeletal muscles to the bones and are inflexible and inelastic) are tightly joined to form a strong, flexible and our body’s central framework called the Skeleton system also called the Musculoskeletal system. Almost all the solid or rigid parts in our body are the main components of the skeletal system and account for about 20 percent of the body weight. Bones make good fossils of any living organism because once the soft tissues decay in soil or rocks over many years, or break down over time, the bone tissue will undergo a process of mineralization in favorable conditions, and effectively the skeletal system will turn into a stone. The skeletal system of any organism plays an important role in Paleontology to define the shape and size of that organism. At the time of birth, there are 300 bones in a baby, and in adulthood, after some bones fuse together, it reduces to 206 individual bones in the human body which is organized into two main divisions.

Learn All 206 Bones' name at One Place

1. Appendicular Skeleton System - 126
   1. Girdles Bones - 6
      1. Pectoral Girdle/Upper Girdle - 4
      2. Pelvic Girdle/Lower Girdle - 2
   2. Limb Bones - 120
      1. Upper Limb - 60
      2. Lower Limb - 60
2. Axial Skeleton System - 80
   1. Head - 29

      The head includes 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, 6 Auditory Ossicles, and a Hyoid Bone.

      1. Skull - 8
      2. Ear Ossicles - 6
      3. Facial - 14
      4. Hyoid - 1
   2. Vertebral column/Spine/Backbone - 26

      The bone of the Vertebral Column- It includes 24 Vertebrae Bones, 1 Sacrum Bone, and a Coccyx Bone.

      1. Vertebrae Bones - 24
         1. Cervical - 7
         2. Thoracic - 12
         3. Lumbar - 5
      2. Sacrum - 1 (after fused 5 Bones)
      3. Coccyx - 1 (after fused 4 Bones)
   3. Ribs - (24+1)

      The bone of the Thoracic Cage Includes 25 Bones of the thorax with 24 Ribs and a Sternum/Breastbone.

      1. Ribs - 24
         1. Vertibro-Sturnal (True) - 7
         2. Vertibro-Chondrial (False) - 3
         3. Floating - 2
      2. Sternum - 1

All The Main Functions Of The Skeletal System

Any organism without a skeletal system would be a limp mass of organs, muscles, and skin. Our bones serve five main functions in our body, which are given below in detail with specific and exact for your proper Study notes.

1. Levers on muscles and acts to produce movement.
2. Supportive structure for the body.
3. Protector of important internal organs.
4. Contains blood-producing cells called bone marrow.
5. Reservoirs of minerals like phosphorus and calcium.

• In movements: The skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. The joints, connective tissue, and muscles of our skeleton work together to help us move, and when muscles apply force to bone the limbs move and support our body weight to help us stand and walk. Our posture depends on our skeletal system. When we walk we can feel how our bones support us and facilitate our movement.

• Support: The backbone holds our head up and is the main support center for the upper body. It protects our spinal cord, our skull shields our brain, our ribs protect our heart and lungs, and our backbone protects our spine. Without skeletal components like bones, cartilage, and ligaments body parts would collapse, and the skeleton system provides the framework to maintain the body shape.
• Body's Protective Armor: The Skeleton System provides support, structure, and protection. One of the most important functions of bones is to protect our internal organs from injury. Our ribs form a cage that protects our heart and lungs. The bones in our head protect our brain, and our spine protects our spinal cord. Our pelvis protects our bladder, reproductive organs, and intestines. Bones are constantly being remodeled, new bone is created by the breakdown of old bone. This process helps to keep our bones strong and healthy.
• Makes Blood: Bones are made of a hard outer layer called the Cortex and a softer inner layer called the Medulla. The medulla contains bone marrow, which produces blood cells. The special connective tissue that fills the inside of most bones is known as Bone Marrow. It is responsible for producing RBC and WBC. It is located in the bone's middle. Bone marrow is found in bones. The bone marrow makes both Red and White Blood Cells. Our platelets, RBC, and WBC are made in particular types of bones. our bones are where these cells are created. Red blood cells carry oxygen to our organs, white blood cells assist in fighting infections, and platelets aid in blood clotting. The process of hematopoiesis, where blood cells are made, occurs in the bone marrow.
• Storing and releasing fat and minerals: Calcium and phosphorus are minerals that are kept in bones. our body's supply of calcium and vitamin D is stored in our bones. When our body needs energy, certain bones release the fat they have stored. When our blood mineral levels are too high, our bones can store the minerals we need. When your body needs the minerals, our bones will release them. These minerals include calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, as examples: Minerals like calcium, and phosphorus are stored in bones. Additionally, it's critical for the metabolism of calcium. Bone tissue fulfills several essential metabolic tasks.